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Objective To investigate the protective effect of adult human liver-derived stem cell exosomes (HLSC-exo) intravenously injected at different time points against acute liver injury induced by concanavalin A (ConA) in mice. Methods HLSC-exo was extracted by differential centrifugation. Western blot was used to measure the expression of the marker proteins CD9 and CD63, and nanoparticle tracking analysis was used to investigate particle size distribution. A total of 56 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into blank control group, ConA model group, and HLSC-exo treatment group. The ConA model group and the HLSC-exo treatment group were further divided into 3-, 6-, and 12-hour subgroups according to the interval between phosphate buffer or HLSC-exo injection and ConA injection. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured, and the gross morphology and histopathology of the liver were compared between groups. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t -test was used for further comparison between two groups. Results HLSC-exo was a membranous vesicle with a diameter of 90-110 nm, with a clear saucer-like structure under an electron microscope and marked expression of its specific marker proteins CD9 and CD63. In the blank control group, the levels of ALT and AST were 31.81±6.74 U/L and 69.75±8.30 U/L, respectively. Compared with the blank control group, the 3-, 6-, and 12-hour ConA model groups had significant increases in the levels of ALT and AST (all P < 0.001); compared with the 3-and 6-hour ConA model groups, the 3-and 6-hour HLSC-exo treatment groups had significant reductions in the levels of ALT and AST (225.58±115.59 U/L vs 1989.32±347.67 U/L, 1174.71±203.30 U/L vs 2208.33±349.96 U/L, 303.53±126.68 U/L vs 2534.27±644.72 U/L, 1340.70±262.56 U/L vs 2437.13±288.13 U/L, all P < 0.001); compared with the 6-hour HLSC-exo treatment group, the 3-hour HLSC-exo treatment group had significantly greater reductions ( P < 0.001). In the blank group, the levels of IL-10 and TNF-α were 313.51±10.97 pg/ml and 476.05±7.31 pg/ml, respectively. Compared with the blank control group, the 3-, 6-, and 12-hour ConA model groups had a significant reduction in the level of IL-10 (all P < 0.001); compared with the 3-and 6-hour ConA model groups, the 3-and 6-hour HLSC-exo treatment groups had a significant increase in the level of IL-10(331.61±10.46 pg/ml vs 266.20±8.15 pg/ml, 288.13±10.74 pg/ml vs 264.41±9.12 pg/ml, both P < 0.001); compared with the 6-hour HLSC-exo treatment group, the 3-hour HLSC-exo treatment group had a significantly greater increase ( P < 0.001). Compared with the blank control group, the 3-, 6-, and 12-hour ConA model groups had a significant increase in the level of TNF-α (all P < 0.001); compared with the 3-and 6-hour ConA model groups, the 3-and 6-hour HLSC-exo treatment groups had a significant reduction in the level of TNF-α (478.26±12.99 pg/ml vs 551.31±17.70 pg/ml, 515.58±7.18 pg/ml vs 556.21±11.15 pg/ml, both P < 0.001); compared with the 6-hour HLSC-exo treatment group, the 3-hour HLSC-exo treatment group had a significantly greater reduction ( P < 0.001). Compared with the 3-and 6-hour ConA model groups in terms of the gross morphology and histopathology of the liver, the 3-and 6-hour HLSC-exo treatment groups had a significant reduction in the degree of hepatocyte necrosis, and the 3-hour HLSC-exo treatment group had a basically complete lobular structure, with sporadic spotty necrosis; the 12-hour HLSC-exo treatment group had no significant improvement in hepatocyte necrosis compared with the 12-hour ConA model group. Conclusion Intravenous injection of adult HLSC-exo can alleviate acute liver injury induced by ConA in mice, and injection at 3 hours in advance has the most significant protective effect. Regulation of cytokines is one of the important mechanisms for HLSC-exo to alleviate liver injury.
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Objective:To establish a mouse model of gastric cancer by inoculating MKN45 cells into mice with normal immune function utilizing microcarrier technology. Methods:A total of 60 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups, namely, 2D, con-trol, and 3D groups, according to the coculture system of MKN45 and microcarrier. The mouse models of gastric carcinoma were estab-lished by hypodermic injection. The time of tumorigenesis, rate of tumor formation, and pathological features were observed in each group. Results:In the 3D group, the time of tumor formation was short, whereas the rate of tumor formation was high (80%). No de-tectable tumor formations were observed in the 2D and control groups. HE and immunohistochemical staining of the transplantation tumor model showed evident characteristics of human gastric cancer. Conclusion:A human gastric cancer model in normal immune mice was successfully established. The onset and development mechanism of gastric cancer could be more effectively investigated in mice with normal immune function through this model. Moreover, a more valuable and new animal model for the research and devel-opment of anticancer drug was established.
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Objective@#To investigate the protective effect of intraperitoneal transplantation of human liver-derived stem cells at different times against concanavalin A (ConA)-induced acute liver injury in mice.@*Methods@#A total of 88 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal control group (group C), ConA model group (group M), and human liver-derived stem cells (HYX1)+ConA group (group E); according to the interval between phosphate buffer/HYX1 injection and ConA injection, Groups M and E were further divided into 3-hour groups (M1 and E1 groups), 6-hour groups (M2 and E2 groups), 12-hour groups (M3 and E3 groups), 24-hour groups (M4 and E4 groups), and 48-hour groups (M5 and E5 groups). The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and total bilirubin (TBil) in peripheral blood were measured, liver tissue sections were used to observe pathological changes, and the Ishak score for liver inflammation was determined. The independent samples t-test was used for comparison between groups, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.@*Results@#The levels of ALT, AST, and TBil in group C were (36.25±1.16) U/L, (120.20±5.77) U/L, and (2.20±0.23) μmol/L, respectively; the levels of ALT, AST, and TBil and Ishak score were (8 721.23±837.39) U/L, (8 110.31±290.10) U/L, (8.41±0.10) μmol/L, and (13.32±1.30), respectively, in group M1, (8 334.31±666.50) U/L, (7 560.20±760.34) U/L, (10.40±0.80) μmol/L, and (12.67±0.81), respectively, in group M2, (8 960.75±551.93) U/L, (8 535.62±675.14) U/L, (10.95±1.43) μmol/L, and (14.57±0.65), respectively, in group M3, (8 618.57±886.40) U/L, (11 440.54 ± 1 327.86) U/L, (13.30±1.86) μmol/L, and (13.21±1.06), respectively, in group M4, and (10 170.13±1 112.37) U/L, (11 470.56±1 108.40) U/L, (12.75±1.55) μmol/L, and (15.07±1.58), respectively, in group M5. The levels of ALT, AST, and TBil and Ishak score were (1 016.35±163.47) U/L, (952.30±103.91) U/L, (7.77±0.62) μmol/L, and (3.50±0.21), respectively, in group E1, (42.10±6.20) U/L, (126.72±13.33) U/L, (3.41±0.53) μmol/L, and (2.01±0.40), respectively, in group E2, (44.21±4.30) U/L, (216.71±35.88) U/L, (3.47±0.44) μmol/L, and (2.13±0.25), respectively, in group E3, (2 909.69±212.14) U/L, (2 988.43±333.70) U/L, (7.03±0.93) μmol/L, and (4.70±0.50), respectively, in group E4, and (7 874.26±799.60) U/L, (10 940.54±947.35) U/L, (10.53±1.09) μmol/L, and (8.60±0.83), respectively, in group E5. Groups M1-M5 had significantly higher levels of ALT, AST, and TBil than group C (all P < 0.01), and groups M1-M4 had significantly higher levels of AST and ALT than groups E1-E4 (all P < 0.01), while there were no significant differences in the levels of AST and ALT between groups M5 and E5 (both P > 0.05). The pathological sections of liver tissue showed that compared with group M, group E had significant reductions in the degree of necrosis and Ishak score (both P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#Intraperitoneal transplantation of human liver-derived stem cells has a protective effect against ConA-induced acute liver injury in mice, and the injection at 6 and 12 hours in advance has the best protective effect.
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Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is closely associated with the development of various types of human tumors.Recent studies have reported that Hh pathway plays an important role in oncogenesis,metastasis and therapy of colorectal neoplasms.Currently, Hh signals have been detected highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues and cells.Inhibition of this pathway can deeply restrain the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells.And it has become a hot topic that Hh pathway is used as a target in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Early screening for colorectal cancer can detect early colorectal cancer,curb its further development,and extend the life expectancy.Colorectal cancer screening methods mainly include stool examination,imaging examination,endoscopic examination and the latest gene detection technology.Different screening methods have different effects.Stool examination is one of the most popular screening methods for the public.
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Objective To explore the the interaction analysis of genetic and behavioral factors on the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome. Methods This study consisted of 134 subjects between June 2009 and Dec.2009 from affiliated hospital of Jining Medical University, All subjects underwented selective coronary angiography or coronary artery CT. Coronary artery disease based on the results of coronary angiography or coronary artery CT that at least one coronary artery diameter reduction of more than 50% and fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of ACC/AHA. 84 patients with acute coronary syndrome and 50 controls, and general informations, current disease history,past medical history, related be havioral factors were collected. DNA was extracted from acute coronary syndromepatients and healthy control subjects, stored in -20 ℃. The genotype of CFH Y402H was detected by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) methods in acute coronary syndrome patients and controls. PCR amplification products was verificated by electrophoresis on agarose gel. Deviation of genotype distribution form Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was assessed using x2 test in each group. Univariate and multivariate conditional logistic analyses were conducted in the end. Results The results showed that smoking history (P=0.000, OR =4.894,OR 95% CI:2.537 ～9.441 ), alcohol drinking history(P= 0.008,OR =2.879,OR 95% CI: 1.499 ～ 5.528 ), hypertension (P = 0.000, OR = 4.222, OR 95% CI: 2.195 ～ 8.123), sports activities (P =0.002,OR =0.333, OR 95% CI:0.188 ～ 0.589 ), salt intake (P= 0.006, OR = 0.457, OR 95% CI:0.287 ～0.727 ), character(P = 0.000, OR = 0.385, OR 95% CI :0.247 ～ 0.600 ) stress of occupations (P = 0.015, OR =2.118, OR 95% CI: 1.278 ～ 3.511 ) were associated with acute coronary syndrome of Northern Chinese Han population. Smoking history(P = 0.010, OR = 6.084, OR 95% CI: 1.543 ～ 23.988), hypertension (P= 0.024, OR =2.821, OR 95% CI: 1.143 ～ 6.595 ), sports activities (P= 0.004, OR = 0.297, OR 95% CI:0.130 ～ 0.678 ), personality(P= 0.011, OR = 0.435, OR 95% CI:0.229 ～ 0.829 ) were significantly associated with acute coronary syndrome in multivariate conditional logistic analyses after adjusting other factors. Conclusions Smoking history,hypertension, personality are risk factors of acute coronary syndrome of Northern Chinese Han population. Butsports activities is protective factors.
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To explore necessity on the preliminary scientific research quality training and ability cultivation in the clinical medicine undergraduate stage,and the experience and effect of starting paper writing training curriculum for clinical medicine undergraduate students.
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In order to further promote teaching effect of clinical practice in higher medical college & university,we should focus on the following main points:renovating teaching ideal and educational thought;reinforcing the cultivation of diagnosis and treatment technique and diagnosis thoughts;reforming teaching method and strategy;strengthening the teaching management;combining scientific research with training practice;infiltrating humanities-social sciences thoughts.
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This paper introduces such instrumental induced abortions without vacuum aspiration in China as rotary instrument-induced abortion, ultrasound termination pregnancy, acupuncture antiearly pregnancy and microwave radiation induced abortion. This paper can be referred to when new abortion method and apparatus developed.
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This paper introduces the operational principle, structure, components of rotating abortive apparatus. The structure, size, material and design of the rotation ring are presented, and the abortion with rotating abortive apparatus is also mentioned in this paper.